As a new type of 2D materials, MXene has the features of good conductivity and high specific surface area. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is often used in the field of supercapacitors owing to its special layered structure, strong adjustability, and large specific capacitance. In recent years, many researchers have combined MXenes and LDHs to prepare electrode materials with high capacitance performance and studied their preparation methods, morphology, and electrochemical properties. This study summarizes the fabrication methods of MXenes and LDHs, as well as the recent progress of MXene/LDH composites in the field of supercapacitors in recent years. Moreover, the corresponding study direction on supercapacitors has been prospected. This study aims to illustrate the application of MXene/LDH composites for supercapacitors and hopes to offer guidance for further research on the basis of these promising materials. In this study, the preparation methods of MXenes and layered dihydroxides (LDHs) are reviewed. In addition, the preparation and the electrochemical performances for supercapacitors of MXene/LDHs composites are summarized in detail.