This chapter analyses the role of networks in the development of the markets for non-wood forest products and services (NWFP&S) with reference to experiences gained in northern and Mediterranean Europe (using cases from Finland and Italy). The aim of the work has been to analyse a number of selected case studies within the theoretical framework developed by Varamäki and Vesalainen (2003) in order to demonstrate the relevance of networks in NWFP&S development. In the Mediterranean region, high population density, poverty and low wood productivity of forests have traditionally stimulated an intensive use of all potentially available sources of food, fodder and raw materials. In northern Europe, there is also a strong culture of utilizing forest products and, especially with the recent crises in the wood industry, interest in other uses of forests has increased. The enterprises dealing with NWFP&S are typically small or micro-sized and usually, except in a few cases, the turnover generated by the harvest, production, processing and/or commercialization of NWFP&S is quite limited. In this context, it is fairly evident that the creation of networks among NWFP&S producers, traders or sellers, or with other larger enterprises, can be a successful business strategy leading to positive economic results. The four case studies analysed in the chapter provide evidence supporting this idea. They concern both single-product/-service and multi-product/-service networks and, furthermore, they examine different evolutionary stages (from 'development circle' to 'project group'). These different case studies show which can be the role played by network structures in supporting innovation in NWFP&S marketing initiatives. In fact, it can be concluded that analysed networks: have been able to compensate for the traditional problems that micro-enterprises and small and medium enterprises may face in introducing innovations; can facilitate access to public funding and also to a key development factor such as forest land availability; or they can help in increasing the visibility of the sector.