This chapter explores the dilemmas of religious freedom for a very different colonized population: the indigenous people whose dispossession marked the very foundation of the United States as a settler-colonial society. It explores the limited utility of this ideal for Native Americans in the 1890 Ghost Dance, the Indian Shaker churches of the Pacific Northwest, and the Peyote movement that institutionalized as the Native American Church. While religious freedom claims sometimes served indigenous assertions of cultural and political self-determination, Native people often found their traditions transformed in the process. Across these movements, Indians found their religious freedom claims limited by the cultural biases and coercive structures of settler-colonial rule.