The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) decides to “comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization” as a central task, listing nine essential requirements for Chinese modernization with the creation of a new form of human civilization as its goal. This paper analyzes the evolution of Chinese modernization led by the CPC and the pursuit of civilization, and reveals the inner connection and unity between Chinese modernization and the new form of human civilization. It is helpful to deeply understand the historical logic, realistic logic, and future logic of Chinese modernization, enabling better study and implementation of the spirit of the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC. Also, this paper boosts confidence in the path, theory, system, culture, and history of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.