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  • The Transition to Liberalism
    Ralph Lee Woodward

    Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871, 03/2012
    Book Chapter

    Guatemala City celebrated Carrera’s fiftieth birthday with especially great zest in October 1864. The caudillo was still hardy, although he suffered stomach upset and pain. As usual, he spent much of the Guatemalan summer of 1864–65 in the warm Pacific lowlands of Escuintla, but in March 1865 he fell seriously ill. On the thirteenth he returned to the capital, where the principal physicians of the city attended him. His own physician, Dr. Francisco Aguilar, diagnosed the illness as dysentery. Dysentery had been a major killer in Guatemala, especially in the lowland regions, but a modern champion of Carrera’s has