We perform an analysis of the QCD lattice data on the baryon octet and decuplet masses based on the relativistic chiral Lagrangian. The baryon self-energies are computed in a finite volume at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N super(3)LO), where the dependence on the physical meson and baryon masses is kept. The number of free parameters is reduced significantly down to 12 by relying on large-N sub(c) sum rules. Altogether we describe accurately more than 220 data points from six different lattice groups, BMW, PACS-CS, HSC, LHPC, QCDSF-UKQCD and NPLQCD. Values for all counterterms relevant at N super(3)LO are predicted. In particular we extract a pion-nucleon sigma term of 39 super(+2) sub(-1) MeV and a strangeness sigma term of the nucleon of isigma sub(s)N = 84 super(+28) sub(-4) MeV. The flavor SU(3) chiral limit of the baryon octet and decuplet masses is determined with (802 + or - 4) and (1103 + or - 6). Detailed predictions for the baryon masses as currently evaluated by the ETM lattice QCD group are made.