In penal law, persons with mental disorders most often receive attention as potential perpetrators of criminal acts. Persons who commit unlawful act provided under law as a criminal offence in the state of mental incompetence are subjected to a primary sanction - security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution. This measure, as well as the security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty may be also ordered to a person who committed a criminal offence in a state of substantially impaired mental capacity. In the new Serbian Penal Code 2005 few changes has been done respecting the conditions for imposing the security measures of compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution and compulsory treatment at liberty, even though these provisions needed to be brought into accord with the changed concept of guilt. Especially, these changes are not properly expressed in the new Code of Criminal Procedure (special procedure for application of security measures). It is therefore even more distinct the contradictory position of a mentally incompetent person accused of a crime. One way of solving this issue, supported by the author, includes a separate legislation on protection of persons with mental disorders (including those persons who, in the state of mental incompetence, commit unlawful acts provided under law as criminal offences). The position of persons in the state of substantially impaired mental capacity does not need necessarily to be changed, since their guilt is not excluded. The entire complexity of protection of these persons? human rights is additionally pointed out in the section referring to execution of security measure of compulsory treatment and confinement in a medical institution, which naturally includes deprivation of liberty and compulsory psychiatric treatment. Sa stanovista krivicnog prava lica sa mentalnim poremecajima izazivaju interesovanje najcesce kao moguci ucinioci krivicnih dela. Ako se radi o licima za koja se u krivicnom postupku ustanovi da su u neuracunljivom stanju izvrsila protivpravno delo sa obelezjima krivicnog dela, prema njima se kao osnovna sankcija moze izreci mera bezbednosti obaveznog psihijatrijskog lecenja i cuvanja u zdravstvenoj ustanovi. Takodje, ova sankcija ili druga mera obaveznog psihijatrijskog lecenja na slobodi moze se izreci prema licu u stanju bitno smanjene uracunljivosti. U novom Krivicnom zakoniku Republike Srbije iz 2005. godine ucinjene su neznatne izmene u pogledu uslova za izricanje mera bezbednosti psihijatrijskog lecenja i cuvanja u zdravstvenoj ustanovi i lecenja na slobodi, iako je bilo neophodno uskladiti ova resenja sa promenjenim konceptom krivice. Pogotovo ove izmene nisu dosle do izrazaja u Zakoniku u krivicnom postupku (poseban postupak za izricanje mera bezbednosti). Zbog toga se u jos vecoj meri uocava protivrecnost u polozaju neuracunljivog lica optuzenog za izvrsenje krivicnog dela. Jedan od nacina razresenja ovog problema, za koji se zalaze autorka, jeste odvojeno zakonsko regulisanje zastite mentalnih bolesnika (ukljucujuci tu i lica koja u neuracunljivom stanju ucine delo sa obelezjima krivicnih dela). Polozaj bitno smanjeno uracunljivih lica, buduci da njihova krivica nije iskljucena, ne mora se menjati. Na svu osetljivost zastite ljudskih prava ovih lica autorka dodatno ukazuje u delu rada koji se tice izvrsenja mere bezbednosti obaveznog lecenja i cuvanja u zdravstvenoj ustanovi, koja po svojoj prirodi ukljucuje lisenje slobode i prinudno psihijatrijsko lecenje.