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  • Early-stage decomposition o...
    Andersson, Edvin K. W; Sångeland, Christofer; Berggren, Elin; Johansson, Fredrik O. L; Kühn, Danilo; Lindblad, Andreas; Mindemark, Jonas; Hahlin, Maria

    Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 10/2021, Letnik: 9, Številka: 39
    Journal Article

    Development of functional and stable solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for battery applications is an important step towards both safer batteries and for the realization of lithium-based or anode-less batteries. The interface between the lithium and the solid polymer electrolyte is one of the bottlenecks, where severe degradation is expected. Here, the stability of three different SPEs - poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly( -caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) - together with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, is investigated after they have been exposed to lithium metal under UHV conditions. Degradation compounds, e.g. Li-O-R, LiF and Li x S y O z , are identified for all SPEs using soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A competing degradation between polymer and salt is identified in the outermost surface region (<7 nm), and is dependent on the polymer host. PTMC:LiTFSI shows the most severe decomposition of both polymer and salt followed by PCL:LiTFSI and PEO:LiTFSI. In addition, the movement of lithium species through the decomposed interface shows large variation depending on the polymer electrolyte system. The electrode electrolyte interface is essential to our understanding of batteries and how they operate. In this article we examine the interface between three polymer electrolytes and lithium metal using photoelectron spectroscopy.