The choice of induction agent in the elderly kidney transplant recipient is unclear. The risks of rejection at 1 year, functional graft loss, and death by induction agent (IL2 receptor antibodies IL2RA, alemtuzumab, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin rATG) were compared among five groups of elderly (≥60 years) deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients on the basis of recipient risk and donor risk using United Network of Organ Sharing data from 2003 to 2008. In high-risk recipients with high-risk donors there was a higher risk of rejection and functional graft loss with IL2RA versus rATG. Among low-risk recipients with low-risk donors there was no difference in outcomes between IL2RA and rATG. In the two groups in which donor or recipient was high risk, there was a higher risk of rejection but not functional graft loss with IL2RA. Among low-risk recipients with high-risk donors, there was a trend toward a higher risk of death with IL2RA. rATG may be preferable in high-risk recipients with high-risk donors and possibly low-risk recipients with high-risk donors. In the remaining groups, although rATG is associated with a lower risk of acute rejection, long-term outcomes do not appear to differ. Prospective comparison of these agents in an elderly cohort is warranted to compare the efficacy and adverse consequences of these agents to refine the use of induction immunosuppressive therapy in the elderly population.