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Min, B. K; Wallace, W. T; Goodman, D. W
The journal of physical chemistry. B, 09/2004, Letnik: 108, Številka: 38Journal Article
Following the discovery that small gold clusters highly dispersed on metal oxide supports are active catalysts at low temperature for a variety of reactions, a number of studies have been carried out to determine the structure of the clusters and the mechanism leading to their activity. A major deterrent to the use of these catalysts, however, is that under reaction temperatures and pressures, the clusters tend to sinter, or agglomerate, leading to a dramatic decrease in activity. In an attempt to make these highly active Au catalysts more stable, mixed-oxide supports have been developed by substituting Ti atoms for Si in a silica thin film network. Depending on the amount of Ti deposited, the TiO2−SiO2 surface consists of substituted Ti atoms and/or TiO x islands. With deposition of Au onto these TiO2−SiO2 surfaces (at low and high Ti coverages), the substituted Ti and/or TiO x islands act as Au cluster nucleation sites, leading to a marked increase in the cluster number density compared to the Ti-free SiO2 surface. Furthermore, upon exposure of Au clusters nucleated on surfaces with TiO x islands to reaction temperatures and pressures, the clusters do not sinter. These results demonstrate that it is possible to produce a supported Au catalyst where metal agglomeration is significantly inhibited, allowing the unique properties of Au nanoclusters to be fully exploited.
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