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Thebault, Simon; Gandelman, Stephanie; Lane, Camryn; Kim, Erin J; Pileggi, Caitlin; Zuroff, Leah; Yamashita, Luana D; Schindler, Matthew K; Chiu, Charles; Wilson, Michael R; Berger, Joseph R; Markowitz, Clyde; Bar-Or, Amit; Fuller, Ryan; Brandstadter, Rachel; Pruitt, Amy A; Jacobs, Dina A
Neurology : neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 09/2023, Letnik: 10, Številka: 5Journal Article
The objective of this study was to report on the development of neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the context of anti-CD20 monotherapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). This is a case series study. In 2021-2022, we observed 4 cases of neuroinvasive WNV infection in our patient population of 2009 patients with MS on ocrelizumab, compared with a total of 46 cases of neuroinvasive WNV infection reported in Pennsylvania and 40 in New Jersey. Odds were 258 times that of the general population (95% confidence interval 97-691), χ < 0.0001). All were women aged 41-61 years with variable disease duration, level of disability, and duration of anti-CD20 therapy. All presented in summer/early fall with fever, headache, and encephalopathy consistent with meningoencephalitis. Three patients had acute cerebellitis. Two had anterior nerve root involvement progressing to quadriparesis, and 1 developed refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus. All required intubation and experienced significant morbidity. All had CSF pleocytosis. Two patients were WNV IgM positive in both the serum and CSF, 1 patient had positive serum IgM and CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), while 1 had positive CSF mNGS with negative serum and CSF antibodies. Neuroinvasive WNV infection can develop with anti-CD20 monotherapy in the absence of additional immunosuppression. WNV serologies may be negative in the setting of anti-CD20 treatment; in the appropriate clinical context, one should consider direct detection methods such as PCR or mNGS-based testing.
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JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP |
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in: SICRIS
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