The study of fractal percolation in shale pores is beneficial to the exploration and development of shale oil and gas, and the application of the fractal dimension to the characterization of percolation capacity can help to clarify the mechanism of gas percolation in shale. In this study, gas adsorption (CO2 and N2) and high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry (MICP) and gray correlation method are mainly used to investigate the shales of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Luzhou–Changning area in the southern Sichuan basin. In this study, we establish a new template to evaluate the degree of matching between the template and actual geological data considering the effects of shale fractal dimension, tortuosity, the Knudsen number (Kn), and porosity on permeability. The results reveal three observations. First, the deep organic shale pores of the Longmaxi Formation in the area have obvious multiscale fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension (D) values reflect the complexity of shale pores at different scales. There are significant differences in the fractal dimensions among the three shale lithofacies types. Siliceous shale of D1 with the highest micropore fractal dimension, D2 with mesoporous, and D3 with macroporous indicate more complex pore structures, which provide plenty of gas adsorption and enrichment spaces. These structures are conducive to gas accumulation. Second, there are complex correlations between the total organics content (TOC), the mineral composition, and the inhomogeneity parameters of shale. The TOC, siliceous mineral content, and inhomogeneity parameters of porosity, tortuosity, Kn, and D are positively correlated. The carbonate mineral content and clay mineral content are negatively correlated with the inhomogeneity parameters porosity, tortuosity, Kn, and D. Third and finally, based on correlation analysis, the three main parameters of D, porosity, and tortuosity were ultimately determined, and corresponding templates were established. It reflects that permeability, which is a parameter of seepage capacity, has a high correlation with fractal dimension, tortuosity, and porosity.