Abstract   OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of left lower paratracheal nodes (#4L) and their impact on survival in patients with left-sided lung cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of prospective data. The study included 5369 patients who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2015. Six hundred fifty-nine patients underwent #4L dissection (4LND+), and 4710 did not (4LND−). Propensity score matching was used to minimize analytic error (659 vs 659). RESULTS The percentage of #4L metastasis increased with tumour size. Between pT2a and pT2b, it nearly doubled from 8% to 14%. The mean percentage of #4L metastasis in the pN2 group was 46, which was higher in left upper lobectomy compared to left lower lobectomy (63% vs 43%, respectively, P < 0.001). In univariable analysis, no differences in 5-year survival were observed between 4LND+ and 4LND− (48% vs 50%, respectively, P = 0.65). However, we detected a significant difference among non-metastatic 4LND+, 4LND− and metastatic 4LND+ (P < 0.0001). After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in survival among the pN2 subgroups (pN2a1, pN2a2, pN2b1, pN2b2). Multivariable analysis after propensity score matching for each pN2 subgroup did not confirm the effect of #4L metastasis as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Despite #4L nodes not being an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer, the percentage of nodal metastases notably increases above pT2a grade and is comparable to the percentage of #5 and #7 metastasis. Therefore, lymphadenectomy in advanced stages of cancer could benefit from resections of the #4L nodes.