High-resolution microdisplays that offer superior picture quality are pivotal display components in immersive augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) systems. For AR and VR applications, the microdisplays must satisfy major requirements such as high resolution, exceptional brightness, and a broad color gamut to ensure clear and vivid picture quality. Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are emerging light sources due to their outstanding color purity and controllability. Rapid advancements in QD materials and device technologies suggest the potential industrialization of QD-LED displays in the near future. Moreover, recent innovation in the process technology of patterning QD layers enables the formation of ultrahigh-resolution QD-LED pixels for microdisplays, promising immersive and brighter visual experiences in AR and VR applications. In this study, we review the latest QD-LED technologies from QD material advancements and device architecture optimization to the pixelization process and integration of full-color display systems. Advancements in QD-LED display technology will enable the realization of high picture quality QD-LED microdisplays for extremely immersive AR and VR display systems.