A vast array of colorants obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects/animals and microbes have been scrutinized in recent past for their use in different kinds of applications. Research into new natural dyes sources along with eco-friendly, robust and cost-effective technologies for their processing and application have greatly aided in widening the scope of natural dyes in various traditional and advanced application disciplines. This review encompasses a summary of research performed in last 15 years (1998–2013) in different arenas of applications of natural dyes, with specific reference to technological development in natural textile dyeing and use of natural dyes in functional finishing of textiles, food coloration and dye-sensitized solar cells. In addition, some newly discovered applications of natural dyes have also been discussed. Display omitted •Many different kinds of applications of natural dyes are under active study.•Reports technological developments in natural textile dyeing and finishing.•Natural dye-sensitized solar cells have been critically discussed.•Special attention has been given to recent developments in natural food colorants.•Some newly discovered applications of natural dyes have also been highlighted.