Bioprosthetic materials based on mammalian pericardium tissue are the gold standard in reconstructive surgery. Their application range covers repair of rectovaginal septum defects, abdominoplastics, urethroplasty, duraplastics, maxillofacial, ophthalmic, thoracic and cardiovascular reconstruction, etc. However, a number of factors contribute to the success of their integration into the host tissue including structural organization, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, surface chemistry, and biodegradability. In order to improve the material's properties, various strategies are developed, such as decellularization, crosslinking, and detoxification. In this review, the existing issues and long‐term achievements in the development of bioprosthetic materials based on the mammalian pericardium tissue, aimed at a wide‐spectrum application in reconstructive surgery are analyzed. The basic technical approaches to preparation of biocompatible forms providing continuous functioning, optimization of biomechanical and functional properties, and clinical applicability are described. The review describes the milestones in the development of bioprosthetic materials based on mammalian pericardium tissue. The basic technical approaches to preparation of biocompatible forms including decellularization, crosslinking, detoxification, and application range of pericardial biomeshes in reconstructive surgery are discussed.