The findings from geotechnical laboratory testing has shown that, in addition to the well understood influence of void ratio and effective confining stress, the particle fabric has a significant effect on the monotonic and cyclic shear behaviour of silts. There is a need to advance our understanding of these effects through systematic quantification of the particle fabric in a given silt matrix in terms of individual particle parameters (e.g., dimensional sizes, volumes, shapes, orientations) as well as inter-particle contact arrangements. In addressing this need, new methodologies were developed for X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) imaging of silts with specific attention paid to: sampling and preparing of silt specimens, scanning parameters to obtain the needed image resolutions, and digital processing of images to capture individual particle data. The ability of μ-CT imaging to effectively image and capture individual particle parameters and three-dimensional fabric of silt is demonstrated. The particle fabric in terms of orientation in reconstituted silt specimens is illustrated using the μ-CT images produced using standard-size silica particles. The fabric(s) quantified from the imaging of a natural low plastic silt is also presented, and the findings are in accord with those inferred from the mechanical laboratory element testing of the same silt. The work contributes to systematic accounting for fabric in understanding the macroscopic shear behaviour of natural silts.