The exponential growth in data generated by satellites, radars, sensors, and analysis and reanalysis from model outputs for the hydrological domain requires efficient real-time data management and distribution mechanisms. This paper introduces HydroRTC, a web-based data transfer and communication library designed to accelerate large-scale data sharing and analysis. Leveraging next-generation web technologies like WebSockets, WebRTC and Node.js, the library enables seamless peer-to-peer sharing, smart data transmission, and large dataset streaming. Three primary scenarios are presented as use cases, demonstrating the potential of HydroRTC as server-to-peer with intelligent data scheduling and large data streaming, peer-to-peer data sharing, and peer-to-server for data exchange. HydroRTC offers a promising solution for collaborative infrastructures in the hydrological and environmental domain, allowing real-time and high-throughput data sharing and transfer for enhancing research efficiency and collaboration capabilities. •HydroRTC accelerates large-scale data sharing with next-gen web technologies.•Three primary scenarios: server-to-peer, peer-to-peer, peer-to-server data exchange.•Promising solution for collaborative infrastructures in hydrological and environmental domains.•Exponential growth in data necessitates efficient real-time management mechanisms.•Leverages WebSockets, WebRTC, Node.js for seamless peer-to-peer sharing.