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Osborn, Ares; Armstrong, David J; Cale, Bryson; Brahm, Rafael; Wittenmyer, Robert A; Dai, Fei; Crossfield, Ian J M; Adibekyan, Vardan; Cloutier, Ryan; Collins, Karen A; Delgado Mena, E; Fridlund, Malcolm; King, George W; Otegi, Jon; Sousa, S; Stassun, Keivan G; Matthews, Elisabeth C; Ziegler, Carl; Vanderspek, Roland; Latham, David W; Seager, S; Jenkins, Jon M; Acton, Jack S; Anderson, David R; Ballard, Sarah; Barrado, David; Barros, Susana C C; Bayliss, Daniel; Barclay, Thomas; Benneke, Björn; Berberian, John; Bouchy, Francois; Bowler, Brendan P; Briceño, César; Burke, Christopher J; Ciardi, David; Collins, Kevin I; Cooke, Benjamin F; Demangeon, Olivier D S; Díaz, Rodrigo F; Dragomir, Diana; Dumusque, Xavier; Espinoza, Néstor; Figueira, P; Fulton, Benjamin; Furlan, E; Gaidos, E; Geneser, C; Gill, Samuel; Goad, Michael R; Gorjian, Varoujan; Günther, Maximilian N; Helled, Ravit; Henderson, Beth A; Henning, Thomas; Hojjatpanah, Saeed; Horner, Jonathan; Isaacson, Howard; Jenkins, James S; Kidwell, Richard C; Kielkopf, John; Law, Nicholas; Lendl, Monika; Lund, M; Matson, Rachel A; Mann, Andrew W; McCormac, James; Mengel, Matthew W; Morales, Farisa Y; Nielsen, Louise D; Okumura, Jack; Osborn, Hugh P; Petigura, Erik A; Plavchan, Peter; Pollacco, Don; Quintana, Elisa V; Raynard, Liam; Rose, Mark E; Roy, Arpita; Santerne, Alexandre; Santos, Nuno C; Sarkis, Paula; Schlieder, J; Scott, Nicholas J; Shporer, Avi; Smith, A M S; Stibbard, C; Strøm, Paul A; Twicken, Joseph D; Tanner, A; Teske, J; Tilbrook, Rosanna H; Tinney, C G; Udry, Stephane; Villaseñor, Jesus Noel; Vines, Jose I; Wang, Sharon X; Weiss, Lauren M; Wright, Duncan J; Zhang, Hui
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 10/2021, Letnik: 507, Številka: 2Journal Article
ABSTRACT We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R⊕, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M⊕, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm−3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R⊕, a mass of $9.90^{+1.53}_{-1.49}$ M⊕, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm−3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of $2.83^{+0.41}_{-0.34}$ M⊕, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.
