The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was optimized for the simultaneous determination of 11 compounds, belonging to polyphenols (gallic acid and seven catechins) and methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline). The results obtained for all the validation parameters of the HPLC-DAD method showed that the method is sensitive enough for routine analysis with basic chromatographic equipment, thus it has a significant potential to be highly applicable in common laboratory practice. The method was used in the analysis of 60 green tea infusions originating from four tea-producing countries. The dataset contributes to enhancing current data on green tea. The analysis of green tea extracts revealed significant differences depending on the origin of the samples. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to test the accuracy of identification of the origin of the tea samples, based on the chemical composition of tea with a focus on polyphenolic compounds and methylxanthines analysed in this study. Based on cross-validation results, the model showed 93.75 % accuracy in the classification of green tea originating from Japan, China (Mainland), China (Taiwan) and South Korea. •The new HPLC method for 8 tea polyphenols and 3 methylxanthines determination.•The method validation and evaluation of its applicability for the routine use.•The method application on the analysis of 60 green tea samples from four regions.•The LDA model for green tea classification based on chemical composition.