"For over half a century, since its independence on January 1, 1956, the Sudan has been at war with itself. Through the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of 2005, the North-South dimension of the conflict was seemingly resolved by the independence of the South on the 9th of July 2011. However, as a result of issues, which were not resolved by the CPA, conflicts within the now two independent countries have reignited conflict between them because of allegations of support for each other's rebels. In Bound by Conflict: Dilemmas of the Two Sudans, Dr. Francis M. Deng and Daniel J.M. Deng critique the tendency to see these conflicts as separate and to seek isolated solutions for them, when, in fact, they are closely intertwined. The policy implication is that resolving conflicts within the two Sudans is critical to the prospects of achieving peace, security, stability, and cooperation between them, with the potential of moving them to some form of meaningful association. The conflicts in the two Sudans call for internal self-determination by distinct identifiable groups and regions through various forms of self-administration within the context of an integrated national framework. This requires that traditional values and institutions be harmonized with the norms and practices of modern constitutionalism, thereby bridging tradition and modernization. The international community, at sub-regional, continental, and global levels, is called upon to support this strategic framework through the three pillars of the Sovereignty as Responsibility, now recast as the Responsibility to Protect: the primary responsibility of the state, support for state capacity, and a more robust international involvement when states manifestly fail to discharge their primary responsibility to ensure protection for their populations. "