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McElhaney, Janet E; Zhou, Xin; Talbot, H. Keipp; Soethout, Ernst; Bleackley, R. Chris; Granville, David J; Pawelec, Graham
Vaccine, 03/2012, Letnik: 30, Številka: 12Journal Article
Highlights ► As part of the “inflammaging” process, innate immune processes may not only be ineffective, they may result in harmful inflammatory responses to infection. ► Increased levels of “bGrzB” activity associated with CMV, may be a common thread between immune dysfunction and the risk for cardiovascular complications of influenza. ► The IFN-γ:IL-10 ratio and GrzB activity in influenza-challenged PBMC can be used as biomarkers to firmly establish vaccine-mediated protection/failure. ► Adding specific adjuvants may further enhance vaccine responses even in the face of a suboptimal immune system. ► Reliance on antibody titers as a sole predictor of vaccine efficacy is a major barrier to the development of more effective influenza vaccines, which remains an unmet need.
