Abstract This article focuses on the study of physical and geographical aspects of toponymy, which involves the naming and renaming of geographical objects based on the natural features of a place. The research in this field prioritizes the normalization and standardization of geographical names, compilation of a state register of geographical names, proper use of names, publication of toponymic dictionaries, and transliteration of geographical names. In this regard, the present paper analyzes scientific research on toponyms from various regions worldwide, including Uzbekistan. A classification system of geographical names and physical and geographical features of toponyms specific to the regions of Uzbekistan has been developed and recommended, taking into account the natural characteristics of the place. Additionally, thematic toponymic maps have been developed.