We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time. Display omitted •History of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects longitudinal responses to BNT162b2 vaccine•Lower humoral but enhanced cellular responses early after vaccine in naive subjects•Comparable humoral and cellular responses almost 8 months after vaccination•Similar S-specific B cells late after vaccine in those naive and recovered from COVID-19 Lozano-Rodríguez et al. show that naive subjects have enhanced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T reactions but reduced humoral-specific responses compared with individuals recovered from COVID-19. However, almost 8 months after vaccination, comparable specific responses are observed with equivalent levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells and neutralizing antibodies.