•FA supplementation did not alter the pregnancy development or the maternal behavior in rats.•High FA dose caused memory deficits in the dams.•FA supplementation did not change the Na+ K+ ATPase activity in the dams.•FA and HI did not alter the somatic growth and the neonatal reflexes of the pups.•HI and high FA dose decreased the Na+,K+ - ATPase activity in the pups’ hippocampus. Folic acid (FA) is a B-complex vitamin important to the development of the fetus, being supplemented during pregnancy. Our recent findings showed that gestation supplementation (normal and excess doses) prevented the cognitive deficits and BDNF imbalance in adult rats that were submitted to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). To better understand this protective effect, the present study aimed to evaluate whether FA supplementation could be related to (1) maternal behavior, memory and Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus of the dams; (2) on somatic growth, early neurobehavioral development and Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus of the offspring; and (3) the effects of this supplementation in pups submitted to neonatal HI. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups, according to the diet they received during gestation: standard diet (SD), supplemented with 2 mg/kg of FA (FA2 – normal dose) and supplemented with 20 mg/kg of FA (FA20 –excessive dose). At the 7th PND pups were submitted to the Levine-Vannucci model of HI. During weaning the maternal behavior, the somatic growth and the neurobehavior development of pups were assessed. After weaning, the memory of the dams (by the Ox-maze task) and the Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus of both dams and offspring were evaluated. Considering the dams (1), both doses of FA did not alter the maternal behavior or the Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus, but a memory deficit was observed in the high FA-supplemented mothers. Considering the offspring (2), both FA doses did not affect the somatic growth or the neurobehavior development, but the FA20 pups had a decreased Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus. The FA supplementation did not change the parameters evaluated in the HI rats (3) and did not prevent the decreased Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus of the HI pups. These results indicate that normal FA supplementation dose does not influence the maternal behavior and memory and does not impact on the offspring early development in rats. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of the high FA supplementation dose in the dams’ memory and in the Na+, K+ - ATPase activity in the hippocampus of the offspring.