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  • Linear space streaming lowe...
    Chou, Chi-Ning; Golovnev, Alexander; Sudan, Madhu; Velingker, Ameya; Velusamy, Santhoshini

    Proceedings of the 54th Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, 06/2022
    Conference Proceeding

    We consider the approximability of constraint satisfaction problems in the streaming setting. For every constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) on n variables taking values in {0,…,q−1}, we prove that improving over the trivial approximability by a factor of q requires Ω(n) space even on instances with O(n) constraints. We also identify a broad subclass of problems for which any improvement over the trivial approximability requires Ω(n) space. The key technical core is an optimal, q−(k−1)-inapproximability for the Max k-LIN-mod  q problem, which is the Max CSP problem where every constraint is given by a system of k−1 linear equations mod  q over k variables. Our work builds on and extends the breakthrough work of Kapralov and Krachun (Proc. STOC 2019) who showed a linear lower bound on any non-trivial approximation of the MaxCut problem in graphs. MaxCut corresponds roughly to the case of Max k-LIN-mod  q with k=q=2. For general CSPs in the streaming setting, prior results only yielded Ω(√n) space bounds. In particular no linear space lower bound was known for an approximation factor less than 1/2 for any CSP. Extending the work of Kapralov and Krachun to Max k-LIN-mod  q to k>2 and q>2 (while getting optimal hardness results) is the main technical contribution of this work. Each one of these extensions provides non-trivial technical challenges that we overcome in this work.