Introduction. The relevance of studying the socio-psychological characteristics of modern children and adolescents is associated with the processes of globalization, informatization, digitalization of modern society in relation to the education system in general and the personality of a modern schoolboy in particular. In this article, an attempt is made to present a socio-psychological portrait of a modern schoolboy, to determine the role of a teacher in the digital educational environment, as well as the possibilities of his professional and personal growth in the conditions of digitalization by analyzing and systematizing the results of theoretical and experimental research on the problem. Materials and Methods. This article uses an analytical approach to the consideration of modern domestic and foreign studies, which allows to identify the positive and negative sides of the digitalization of the modern education system. We focused on scientific articles, monographs, teaching aids, dissertation studies containing the results of theoretical and experimental studies of various aspects of this problem. Results. As the analysis of the literature has shown, the studies of foreign authors widely cover this problem from the perspective of the "theory of generations", while domestic research is largely based on the methodology of domestic psychology. In the Russian psychological literature, a number of studies are devoted to the study of the socio-psychological characteristics of modern adolescents, in particular, the system of value orientations, attitudes to educational activities, socialization, including using social networks, adaptability to the conditions of the educational environment, but such studies are insufficient due to the complexity of the studied issues and the constantly changing conditions of the social life of a modern student. Discussion and Conclusions. The discussion of issues related to the socio-psychological characteristics of a modern schoolboy in the conditions of digitalization of the system of national education invariably rests on the need to find forms, methods, means of organizing effective school education and assumes that teachers of the general education system have a minimum of psychological knowledge about age and individual psychological patterns of the development of the psyche of a younger schoolboy and a teenager, the formation of his personality.