Abstract Background and Aims We analyzed the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after major abdominal surgery, as well as demographic, clinical, laboratory and surgical factors that might have contributed in it's development. Method Retrospective data analysis of 83 pts who underwent major abdominal surgery at the emergency surgery department (intraperitoneal approach, hospitalization longer than 48 hours, surgery duration over one hour). Demporaphic data, comorbidities, biochemical parameters (blood count, serum concentrations of nitrogenous substances, electolytes etc), type of surgery, intraoperative characteristics (duration of surgery, blood pressure, use of vasoactive substances), postoperative complications including AKI, defined as serum creatinine concentrations increase of 0.3mg/dl and more or reduction in diuresis, as well as intrahospital mortality. Results The mean age of the patients was 60.9 ± 12.9 years. A total of 45 (54.2%) patients were male. AKI was registered in 15 (18.1%) patients with an average age of 69.5 ± 9.2 years, of which 8 (53.3%) were male. The average duration of surgery in the group of patients with AKI was 2.5 ± 0.8 hours, and the most common operations performed in this group involved reconstruction of the small and large intestine. The total intrahospital mortality was 10.8% and in the AKI group 33.3%. Conclusion Patients with AKI were significantly older, with more comorbidities and more frequent surgery that involved resection of the small and large intestine. The development of AKI was accompanied by a higher mortality rate. Given the specific pathophysiological mechanisms in abdominal surgery, further study of the factors responsible for the development of AOB is required to contribute to the development of preventive protocols and to reduce the rate of this serious postoperative complication.