•Pneumonia is the most common reason of an unplanned hospital readmission within a year in patients receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV).•Higher rates of early readmission found with invasive HMV than with non-invasive HMV.•Nasogastric tube feeding, sequelae of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and central nervous system disorders as causes for HMV were significantly associated with early readmission. Although the proportion of patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is increasing, hospital readmissions in these patients are also increasing. We investigated the factors for early readmission in patients receiving HMV. We retrospectively analyzed the data of adult patients readmitted to the hospital within a year who first received HMV and were discharged from the Asan Medical Center between March 2014 and February 2019. We compared the clinical characteristics at discharge before readmission between the early (readmission within 30 days) and late readmission groups (readmission between day 31 and 1 year) and investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes at readmission. Of the 116 patients identified, 36.2% had been readmitted early. The patients who received invasive HMV had a higher rate of early readmission than those who received non-invasive HMV. Pneumonia was the most common reason of readmission in the two groups. The rate of aspiration was significantly higher in the early readmission group (28.6% vs. 8.1%; P = .003). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, nasogastric tube feeding, sequelae of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and central nervous system disorders as causes for HMV were significantly associated with early readmission. Feeding methods and causes for HMV were associated with early readmission. Educating caregivers on respiratory care (suction and feeding methods) is important for preventing early readmission.