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  • Rictor/Mammalian Target of ...
    Castro-Martinez, Felipe; Candelario-Martinez, Aurora; Encarnacion-Garcia, Maria R.; Piedra-Quintero, Zayda; Bonilla-Moreno, Raul; Betanzos, Abigail; Perez-Orozco, Rocio; Hernandez-Cueto, Maria A.; Muñoz-Medina, Jose E.; Patiño-Lopez, Genaro; Schnoor, Michael; Villegas-Sepulveda, Nicolas; Nava, Porfirio

    The American journal of pathology, September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik: 191, Številka: 9
    Journal Article

    Epithelial barrier impairment is a hallmark of several pathologic processes in the gut, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Several intracellular signals prevent apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Herein, we show that in colonocytes, rictor/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling is a prosurvival stimulus. Mechanistically, mTORC2 activates Akt, which, in turn, inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) associated agonist of cell death (Bad) and preventing caspase-3 activation. Nevertheless, during inflammation, rictor/mTORC2 signaling declines and Akt activity is reduced. Consequently, active caspase-3 increases in surface colonocytes undergoing apoptosis/anoikis and causes epithelial barrier breakdown. Likewise, Rictor ablation in intestinal epithelial cells interrupts mTORC2/Akt signaling and increases apoptosis/anoikis of surface colonocytes without affecting the crypt architecture. The increase in epithelial permeability induced by Rictor ablation produces a mild inflammatory response in the colonic mucosa, but minimally affects the development/establishment of colitis. The data identify a previously unknown mechanism by which rictor/mTORC2 signaling regulates apoptosis/anoikis in intestinal epithelial cells during colitis and clarify its role in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier.