The Banff Conference diagnostic categories and their criteria for renal biopsy interpretation were created in 1991 by a group comprising nephrologists, pathologists, transplant surgeons and immunologists. These guidelines are widely used in many countries. Every two years, participants at these meetings present and discuss research findings that have added to our knowledge of allograft pathology. From the start, features of T-cell mediated rejection were established. This was followed by discovery of C4d staining in biopsy tissue and better characterisation of antibody mediated rejection. The formation of working groups to look into problematic areas has allowed better refinements to be made to the classification scheme. The latest Banff 2013 report is significant for the inclusion of a C4d-negative category under humoral rejection. Together with the realisation that endarteritis may be antibody mediated, this latest report will greatly impact how pathologists interpret the allograft biopsy.