This study develops and tests a model of the relationship between a learning-oriented organizational climate, employee individual resilience and three broad categories of proactive behaviors, i.e. proactive work behavior, proactive strategic behavior and proactive person–environment fit behavior. The study tests a mediation model. Cross-sectional data was gathered from 108 employees in four Dutch organizations. Results demonstrate that employee resilience mediates the relationships between a learning-oriented organizational climate and proactive work behaviors. By investigating three proactive behaviors, this study answers to the call for studies that empirically investigate multiple related proactive behaviors within one study design. This design sheds light on whether a learning-oriented organizational climate promotes certain proactive behaviors more than others.