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Meyer, Romain A.; Walter, Fabian; Cicone, Claudia; Cox, Pierre; Decarli, Roberto; Neri, Roberto; Novak, Mladen; Pensabene, Antonio; Riechers, Dominik; Weiss, Axel
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal, 03/2022, Letnik: 927, Številka: 2Journal Article
Abstract We report new Northern Extended Millimeter Array observations of the C ii 158 μ m , N ii 205 μ m , and O i 146 μ m atomic fine structure lines (FSLs) and dust continuum emission of J1148+5251, a z = 6.42 quasar, which probe the physical properties of its interstellar medium (ISM). The radially averaged C ii 158 μ m and dust continuum emission have similar extensions (up to θ = 2.51 − 0.25 + 0.46 arcsec , corresponding to r = 9.8 − 2.1 + 3.3 kpc , accounting for beam convolution), confirming that J1148+5251 is the quasar with the largest C ii 158 μ m -emitting reservoir known at these epochs. Moreover, if the C ii 158 μ m emission is examined only along its NE–SW axis, a significant excess (>5.8 σ ) of C ii 158 μ m emission (with respect to the dust) is detected. The new wide-bandwidth observations enable us to accurately constrain the continuum emission, and do not statistically require the presence of broad C ii 158 μ m line wings that were reported in previous studies. We also report the first detection of the O i 146 μ m and (tentatively) N ii 205 μ m emission lines in J1148+5251. Using FSL ratios of the C ii 158 μ m , N ii 205 μ m , O i 146 μ m , and previously measured C i 369 μ m emission lines, we show that J1148+5251 has similar ISM conditions compared to lower-redshift (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies. CLOUDY modeling of the FSL ratios excludes X-ray-dominated regions and favors photodissociation regions as the origin of the FSL emission. We find that a high radiation field (10 3.5–4.5 G 0 ), a high gas density ( n ≃ 10 3.5–4.5 cm −3 ), and an H i column density of 10 23 cm −2 reproduce the observed FSL ratios well.
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