Background and objectives In the past two decades, an increasing number of nationwide, Swedish Healthcare Quality Registries (QRs) focusing on specific disorders have been initiated, mostly by physicians. Here, we describe the purpose, organization, variables, coverage and completeness of 103 Swedish QRs. Methods From March to September 2013, we examined the 2012 applications of 103 QRs to the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and also studied the annual reports from the same QRs. After initial data ion, the coordinator of each QR was contacted at least twice between June and October 2013 and asked to confirm the accuracy of the data retrieved from the applications and reports. Results About 60% of the QRs covered ≥80% of their target population (completeness). Data recorded in Swedish QRs include aspects of disease management (diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment and lead times). In addition, some QRs retrieve data on self‐reported quality of life (EQ5D, SF‐36 and disease‐specific measures), lifestyle (smoking) and general health status (World Health Organization performance status, body mass index and blood pressure). Conclusion Detailed clinical data available in Swedish QRs complement information from government‐administered registries and provide an important source not only for assessment and development of quality of care but also for research.