Long-term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is hampered by development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). is an established risk factor for CLAD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of eradication on CLAD-free and graft survival.Patients who underwent first LTx between July, 1991, and February, 2016, and were free from CLAD, were retrospectively classified according to presence in respiratory samples between September, 2011, and September, 2016. -positive patients were subsequently stratified according to success of eradication following targeted antibiotic treatment. CLAD-free and graft survival were compared between -positive and -negative patients; and between patients with or without successful eradication. In addition, pulmonary function was assessed during the first year following isolation in both groups.CLAD-free survival of -negative patients (n=443) was longer compared with -positive patients (n=95) (p=0.045). Graft survival of -negative patients (n=443, 82%) was better compared with -positive patients (n=95, 18%) (p<0.0001). Similarly, -eradicated patients demonstrated longer CLAD-free and graft survival compared with patients with persistent Pulmonary function was higher in successfully -eradicated patients compared with unsuccessfully eradicated patients (p=0.035). eradication after LTx improves CLAD-free and graft survival and maintains pulmonary function. Therefore, early detection and eradication should be pursued.