Osteoinductive and persistent antibacterial PLLA/HA/PDA/PPy/Ag composite fiber was successfully synthesized through the self-polymerization of Dopamine on the surface of PLLA/HA and electrochemical deposition of PPy-controlled Ag-NPs. Display omitted •Stable silver-nanoparticles coating layer using electrochemical method.•Dopamine self-polymerized on the surface of electrospun fibers.•Steady and slow release of Ag for long-term antibacterial property.•Calcium phosphate surface for bioactivity and osteoinductivity. Bone implant materials cause the most common complication of bone infections in orthopedic surgery, resulting in implant failure. Antibiotic treatment of bone infections leads to problems such as bacterial resistance and reduced osteogenic capacity. In this study, dopamine (DA) was self-polymerized on the surface of Polylactic acid (PLLA)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanowire composite fibers to form an adhesive polydopamine (PDA) membrane, and a stable silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) coating layer was constructed on it by electrochemically driven Ag+ coordination and chelation through Polypyrrole (PPy) mediation, achieving steady and slow release of Ag-NPs. With optimized DA soaking time of 24 h and soaking concentration of 0.5 g·L−1, nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on PLLA/HA/PDA/PPy/Ag composite fibers and the hydrophilicity of the composite fibers was well-behaved. Besides, the composite fibers possessed good physiological stability and 100% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, the composite fibers had promoted apatite nucleation and growth on surface and good cytocompatibility with osteoblasts, indicating ability of inducing osteogenic differentiation. In summary, a multi-functional PLLA/HA/PDA/PPy/Ag composite fiber with long-term antibacterial property, bioactivity and osteoinductivity was successfully constructed by electrospinning and electrochemical deposition.