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  • Use of anti-CRISPR protein ...
    Johnston, Robert K.; Seamon, Kyle J.; Saada, Edwin A.; Podlevsky, Joshua D.; Branda, Steven S.; Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Harper, Jason C.

    Biosensors & bioelectronics, 09/2019, Letnik: 141, Številka: C
    Journal Article

    The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is an RNA-guided DNA-nuclease that is part of the bacterial adaptive immune system. CRISPR/Cas9 RNP has been adapted for targeted genome editing within cells and whole organisms with new applications vastly outpacing detection and quantification of gene-editing reagents. Detection of the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP within biological samples is critical for assessing gene-editing reagent delivery efficiency, retention, persistence, and distribution within living organisms. Conventional detection methods are effective, yet the expense and lack of scalability for antibody-based affinity reagents limit these techniques for clinical and/or field settings. This necessitates the development of low cost, scalable CRISPR/Cas9 RNP affinity reagents as alternatives or augments to antibodies. Herein, we report the development of the Streptococcus pyogenes anti-CRISPR/Cas9 protein, AcrIIA4, as a novel affinity reagent. An engineered cysteine linker enables covalent immobilization of AcrIIA4 onto glassy carbon electrodes functionalized via aryl diazonium chemistry for detection of CRISPR/Cas9 RNP by electrochemical, fluorescent, and colorimetric methods. Electrochemical measurements achieve a detection of 280 pM RNP in reaction buffer and 8 nM RNP in biologically representative conditions. Our results demonstrate the ability of anti-CRISPR proteins to serve as robust, specific, flexible, and economical recognition elements in biosensing/quantification devices for CRISPR/Cas9 RNP. •Cysteine linker modified AcrIIA4 retains the ability to bind and inhibit the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP.•Surface immobilized AcrIIA4 binds Cas9 and Cas9-RNP with high specificity.•Detect Cas9 RNP in whole cell extracts at a limit of detection of 8 nm using electrochemical methods.