•Refurbishment and renovation projects contribute 10 to 20% of the construction and demolition waste•Pre-refurbishment Audit is an effective strategy to be implemented in R&R waste management•The procedures of PRA, which involve 4 stages are described•Barriers to implementation of Pre-refurbishment Audit are provided•Government is recommended to take lead in conducting PRA and issue guidelines as a reference. The construction industry is the major source of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste in Hong Kong. The capacity of landfills will reach saturation in a couple of years. Refurbishment and renovation projects contribute 10 to 20% of C&D waste. There are about 50,000 buildings in Hong Kong that are more than 30 years old and may require extensive refurbishment or renovation under the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme. Besides, most new owners/tenants will renovate their premises before moving in. There is an urgent need to explore and develop effective waste management strategies and measures for refurbishment/renovation projects in Hong Kong. This research study aims to identify the types and estimate the quantities of refurbishment and renovation (R&R) waste; and evaluate the effectiveness of Pre-refurbishment Auditing (PRA) as a waste management strategy for these projects. Desktop study, semi-structured interviews, site observations and document reviews were used as the data collection methods to achieve the objectives of this research study. Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that PRA is an effective strategy to be implemented in R&R waste management. Barriers for implementing PRA include (a) lack of sorting and storage spaces; (b) high cost; (c) insufficient government supporting policy; (d) complicated recycling processes, (e) immature recycling market, and (f) insufficient public education. To tackle these obstacles, government is recommended to take lead in conducting PRA and issue guidelines as a reference. The Building Department can also consider taking up an active role in policy making and promoting PRA.