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Phase controlled synthesis of transition metal carbide nanocrystals by ultrafast flash Joule heatingDeng, Bing; Wang, Zhe; Chen, Weiyin; Li, John Tianci; Luong, Duy Xuan; Carter, Robert A; Gao, Guanhui; Yakobson, Boris I; Zhao, Yufeng; Tour, James M
Nature communications, 01/2022, Letnik: 13, Številka: 1Journal Article
Nanoscale carbides enhance ultra-strong ceramics and show activity as high-performance catalysts. Traditional lengthy carburization methods for carbide syntheses usually result in coked surface, large particle size, and uncontrolled phase. Here, a flash Joule heating process is developed for ultrafast synthesis of carbide nanocrystals within 1 s. Various interstitial transition metal carbides (TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, Cr C , MoC, and W C) and covalent carbides (B C and SiC) are produced using low-cost precursors. By controlling pulse voltages, phase-pure molybdenum carbides including β-Mo C and metastable α-MoC and η-MoC are selectively synthesized, demonstrating the excellent phase engineering ability of the flash Joule heating by broadly tunable energy input that can exceed 3000 K coupled with kinetically controlled ultrafast cooling (>10 K s ). Theoretical calculation reveals carbon vacancies as the driving factor for topotactic transition of carbide phases. The phase-dependent hydrogen evolution capability of molybdenum carbides is investigated with β-Mo C showing the best performance.
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