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Miao, Weining; Yao, Yuxing; Zhang, Zhiwei; Ma, Chunping; Li, Shengzhe; Tang, Jiayue; Liu, He; Liu, Zemin; Wang, Dianyu; Camburn, Michael A; Fang, Jen-Chun; Hao, Ruiran; Fang, Xinyu; Zheng, Shuang; Hu, Nan; Wang, Xiaoguang
Nature communications, 08/2019, Letnik: 10, Številka: 1Journal Article
Current metal film-based electronics, while sensitive to external stretching, typically fail via uncontrolled cracking under a relatively small strain (~30%), which restricts their practical applications. To address this, here we report a design approach inspired by the stereocilia bundles of a cochlea that uses a hierarchical assembly of interfacial nanowires to retard penetrating cracking. This structured surface outperforms its flat counterparts in stretchability (130% versus 30% tolerable strain) and maintains high sensitivity (minimum detection of 0.005% strain) in response to external stimuli such as sounds and mechanical forces. The enlarged stretchability is attributed to the two-stage cracking process induced by the synergy of micro-voids and nano-voids. In-situ observation confirms that at low strains micro-voids between nanowire clusters guide the process of crack growth, whereas at large strains new cracks are randomly initiated from nano-voids among individual nanowires.
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