The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is a significant fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts the East Asian agricultural economy. To aid the development of pest control strategies, peach fruit moths are raised and studied for multiple generations in laboratory. It is important when maintaining a laboratory moth colony to consider the effects of nutrition on the colony’s growth, survival, and reproduction. In this study, adult peach fruit moths (Fsub.0) were divided into separate groups, and each group was fed one of seven different nutrient solutions under laboratory conditions. The development and fitness of the moths’ offspring (Fsub.1) were then analyzed. The results showed that Fsub.0 adult peach fruit moths fed with 10 grams per liter sucrose had Fsub.1 offspring with significantly higher fitness and reproductive parameters, suggesting that this concentration of sucrose is more suitable for raising laboratory peach fruit moths. Thus, appropriate nutrition during the adult stage of the peach fruit moth’s life cycle could play an important role in the development of future offspring in laboratory studies and in turn influence the future of East Asian agriculture. Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (Fsub.0) nutritional status on offspring (Fsub.1) fitness in insects. Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of Fsub.1 directly descended from Fsub.0C. sasakii fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·Lsup.−1 honey solution, 10 g·Lsup.−1 honey solution, 5 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, 15 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, and 20 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of Fsub.0 differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of Fsub.1. The Fsub.1 offspring of Fsub.0 adult C. sasakii fed with 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase, λ = 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate, Rsub.0 = 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose was more suitable for raising C. sasakii in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering Fsub.0 nutritional conditions on the fitness of Fsub.1 in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for C. sasakii.