Bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia symptoms and has thus been characterized as a mechanism for cognitive or brain reserve, although the origin of this reserve is unknown. Studies with young adults generally show that bilingualism is associated with a strengthening of white matter, but there is conflicting evidence for how bilingualism affects white matter in older age. Given that bilingualism has been shown to help stave off the symptoms of dementia by up to four years, it is crucial that we clarify the mechanism underlying this reserve. The current study uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to compare monolinguals and bilinguals while carefully controlling for potential confounds (e.g., I.Q., MMSE, and demographic variables). We show that group differences in Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) arise from multivariable interactions not adequately controlled for by sequential bivariate testing. After matching and statistically controlling for confounds, bilinguals still had greater axial diffusivity (AD) in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus than monolingual peers, supporting a neural reserve account for healthy older bilinguals. •While bilingualism staves off symptoms of dementia for up to four years, the mechanism underlying this is still unclear.•In the present sample, group differences in DTI measures arise from multivariable interactions not adequately controlled for by sequential bivariate testing.•We use propensity score matching to control for confounds. Bilinguals still had greater axial diffusivity (AD) in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus than monolingual peers.•Our results support a neural reserve account for healthy older bilinguals.