The present study is focused on the cytogenetic and morphological criteria for distinguishing new taxa belonging to Fibigia sect. Purpureae. This section in Iran is revised, and three new species (F. kermanshahensis Ranjbar & Karami, F. khoshyelaqensis Ranjbar & Rostami, and F. tabriziana Ranjbar & Karami) are described and illustrated from Kermanshah, Gorgan and Azarbaijan Sharqi Provinces. These are closely related to F. suffruticosa (Vent.) Sweet. but differs from it in morphological characters such as plant indumentums, fruits size and shape, lateral sepals saccate at base and stigma size and shape. The meiotic chromosome number and behavior were studied in F. kermanshahensis and F. suffruticosa. F. kermanshahensis is a diploid plant and possesses the chromosome number 2n = 2x = 14, inconsistent with the base number of F. suffruticosa witch shows 2n = 2x = 16. The general meiotic behavior in both species was regular, with bivalent pairing and normal chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, some meiotic abnormalities were observed including varied degrees of sticky chromosomes with laggards, a precocious division of centromeres in metaphase I and metaphase II, bridges in anaphase II, laggard chromosomes, micronucleus, asynchronous nucleus and cytomixis. Finally, a key to all four species of this section is presented.