Any engineering structure, irrespective of its intended purpose, must be made of one or more materials. More often than not it is the choice and behaviour of those materials that determine its mechanical performance. The introduction of fibre reinforced composite chassis was one of the most significant developments in the history of Grand Prix motor racing. Technological advances gained from these advanced materials have produced cars that are lighter, faster and safer than ever before. The manufacture of Formula 1 cars is now dominated by composites. A short introduction to the science of composite materials will be followed by a history of their use and development within the sport. Design manufacture and operation of composite structures are reviewed. Reference is also made to their energy absorbing properties that have contributed so significantly to the improved safety record of Formula 1 and the more specialist composite materials, such as carbon–carbon, used in brakes and clutches.