Abstract With the progress of science and technology, big data technology has penetrated into all aspects of life. The topic of this paper is how to develop students’ concept innovation and learn to learn in Chinese painting teaching under the background of big data, mainly focusing on how to develop and guide students’ concept change in their activity process. This paper uses the research method of case analysis. The research object is the students of a university in our city. I get the necessary data through the questionnaire survey data collected before the course, the communication data with students after class and the creation of works of two parallel classes. Then the questionnaire answers to the data list, after class talk statistics, comparative description and analysis of students’ works. The purpose of this paper is that through the practice of Chinese painting, students can learn to learn, use their brains spontaneously, improve their ability of autonomous learning and innovative ideas, and make different works. Teachers can use their own knowledge and creative experience and Research on the implementation strategy of Chinese painting class to improve their ability to better guide students’ concept innovation.