Background and objective To know the epidemiological profile of health services maternal and child care is fundamental importance for the development of quality indicators that contribute to the quality of care for both mother and child. This study aim was to identify the epidemiological profile of the mother and the fetus seen at maternal and child public service only reference in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods Cross sectional study of deliveries in the period from January to June 2011. Variables analyzed: maternal age, gestational age, parity, delivery type, sex, anthropometry and destination of the conceptus. Results During the study period there were 781 deliveries, 45.3% of cesareanas. As the fetus to term and 65.2% frequency of gender equitable. Maternal age was 25.6 years and average parity of 2.5 with 32% primiparous pregnancies. Mean weight, height, head circumference, thoracic, abdominal and Apgar scores were 3019g, 47.5 cm, 33.6cm, 32.5cm, 31cm, 8 and 9 respectively. Of the total live births, 0.6% evolved to death in the delivery room, 12% referred to the neonatal ICU and of these 61.57% for prematurity. Conclusion We are facing a referenced service to high-risk pregnancy and cesarean rates of prematurity are above the level recommended by the Ministry of Health as an ideal, what leads us to reflect on the need for planning actions to be implemented with goal of greater control and quality of care offered to this same population.