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  • Hexabromocyclododecanes, po...
    Yang, Congqiao; Rose, Neil L.; Turner, Simon D.; Yang, Handong; Goldsmith, Ben; Losada, Sara; Barber, Jonathan L.; Harrad, Stuart

    The Science of the total environment, 01/2016, Letnik: 541
    Journal Article

    This paper reports input fluxes between ~1950 and present, of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in radiometrically-dated sediment cores from 7 English lakes. Fluxes of PCBs at all but one location prone to significant sediment resuspension peaked in the late-1960s/early-1990s, before declining thereafter. Input fluxes of HBCDs at all sites increased from first emergence in the mid-1960s. Thereafter, fluxes peaked in the late-1980s/early-2000s, before declining through to the present, except at the most urban site where HBCD fluxes are still increasing. Trends of PBDEs predominant in the Penta-BDE and Octa-BDE formulations vary between sites. While at some locations, fluxes peaked in the late-1990s/early-2000s; at others, fluxes are still increasing. This suggests the full impact of EU restrictions on these formulations has yet to be felt. Fluxes of BDE-209 have yet to peak at all except one location, suggesting little discernible environmental response to recent EU restrictions on the Deca-BDE product. Strikingly, fluxes of BDE-209 in the most recent core slices either exceed or approach peak fluxes of ΣPCBs, implying substantial UK use of Deca-BDE. Excepting HBCDs, inventories of our target contaminants correlated significantly with local population density, implying substantial urban sources. Display omitted •Temporal trends in PCB inputs consistent with those in UK manufacture & use.•HBCD inputs declining from peak levels at all but the most urban site.•Deca-BDE inputs yet to peak at all but one site.•Varying Penta & Octa-BDE trends imply full impact of restrictions not yet evident.•Excepting HBCDs, contaminant inventories correlate with local population density.