Taking into account arduous working conditions was left outstanding after the 2003 pension reform. The law that was adopted on 9 November 2010 now gives a definition of arduous work, creates early retirement for those with arduous working conditions, and insists on prevention regarding arduous work, especially via penalties that are incentives for negotiating agreements or introducing action plans on prevention. The article analyses the various measures of this law and corresponding collective bargaining. It compares the legal definition with other definitions (those resulting from multi-industry bargaining in the period covering 2005-2008, as well as from some collective agreements). It highlights the very limited extent of specific retirement rules for arduous work. Finally, it analyses the limits and specific nature of bargaining on prevention regarding arduous work. PUB ABSTRACT Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po