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Hoencamp, Claire; Dudchenko, Olga; Elbatsh, Ahmed M.O.; Brahmachari, Sumitabha; Raaijmakers, Jonne A.; van Schaik, Tom; Sedeño Cacciatore, Ángela; Contessoto, Vinicius; van Heesbeen, Roy G.H.P.; van den Broek, Bram; Mhaskar, Aditya N.; Teunissen, Hans; Glenn St Hilaire, Brian; Weisz, David; Omer, Arina D.; Pham, Melanie; Colaric, Zane; Yang, Zhenzhen; Rao, Suhas S.P.; Mitra, Namita; Lui, Christopher; Yao, Weijie; Khan, Ruqayya; Moroz, Leonid L.; Kohn, Andrea; Leger, Judy St; Mena, Alexandria; Holcroft, Karen; Gambetta, Maria Cristina; Lim, Fabian; Farley, Emma; Stein, Nils; Haddad, Alexander; Chauss, Daniel; Mutlu, Ayse Sena; Wang, Meng C.; Young, Neil D.; Hildebrandt, Evin; Cheng, Hans H.; Knight, Christopher J.; Burnham, Theresa L.U.; Hovel, Kevin A.; Beel, Andrew J.; Mattei, Pierre-Jean; Kornberg, Roger D.; Warren, Wesley C.; Cary, Gregory; Gómez-Skarmeta, José Luis; Hinman, Veronica; Maeshima, Kazuhiro; Multani, Asha S.; Pathak, Sen; Nel-Themaat, Liesl; Behringer, Richard R.; Kaur, Parwinder; Medema, René H.; van Steensel, Bas; de Wit, Elzo; Onuchic, José N.; Di Pierro, Michele; Aiden, Erez Lieberman; Rowland, Benjamin D.
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 05/2021, Letnik: 372, Številka: 6545Journal Article
We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find four general manifestations of genome organization at chromosome-scale that each emerge and disappear repeatedly over the course of evolution. The type of genome folding an organism possesses correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Condensin II depletion indeed converts the folding of the human genome to a state that resembles genome organization in organisms such as fungi or insects. In this state centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physical model in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determines chromosome-scale genome organization, which is retained during the subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely is conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes. Comparison of species from across the tree of life reveals that chromosome-scale genome organization during interphase is established by mitotic condensin II.
