In order to obtain the equivalent elastic parameters of its macro-scale structure, the tensile properties of 2D 1×1 braided composite cell model was simulated, and the stress distribution law and load displacement relationship of the structure were obtained. Based on elastic theory, the equivalent elastic modulus of unit cell model was used to characterize the elastic properties of 2D braided composites. The effects of different braiding angles on the equivalent elastic modulus of braided composites were further analyzed. The results show that the stress of the fiber bundle and the matrix in the unit cell model decreases with the increase of the braiding angle; and as the main carrier, the stress of the fiber bundle is much higher than that of the matrix; and the equivalent elastic parameters in the braiding direction decrease with the increase of braiding angle.